Flúor na água faz mal? Entenda a polêmica

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Durante décadas, a adição de flúor na água foi celebrada como uma das estratégias mais eficazes e acessíveis para combater a cárie dentária no mundo. Desde que Grand Rapids, nos Estados Unidos, se tornou a primeira cidade a adotar a medida em 1945, a prática se espalhou globalmente.

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Mas, quase 80 anos depois, a fluoretação voltou ao centro de um debate polarizado, alimentado por estudos recentes, decisões políticas e uma onda de desinformação.

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Em 2025, Utah e Flórida aprovaram leis que proíbem a adição de flúor nos sistemas públicos de água. Os legisladores alegam preocupação com possíveis riscos ao desenvolvimento neurológico infantil, embora grandes instituições de saúde continuem a apoiar a prática.

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A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), o Centro de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças dos EUA (CDC) e a Associação Dental Americana (ADA) mantêm recomendações favoráveis à fluoretação.

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A polêmica ganhou força após um estudo do Instituto Karolinska, na Suécia, publicado em março na Environmental Health Perspectives. Pesquisadores acompanharam 500 crianças em Bangladesh por 10 anos e encontraram uma associação entre exposição ao flúor — mesmo em níveis inferiores ao limite de 1,5 mg/L recomendado pela OMS — e pequenas quedas nos índices de inteligência e habilidades cognitivas.

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Os autores reforçam que o estudo não comprova causa e efeito, mas recomendam mais pesquisas. Ainda assim, as descobertas foram suficientes para acender o alerta entre gestores públicos e parte da população.

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Segundo Bruna Fronza, professora de Odontologia da Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), esses estudos têm limitações. “Faltam controles para outras variáveis ambientais e fontes adicionais de flúor, o que compromete a confiabilidade das conclusões”, afirma.

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A matéria completa pode ser acessada em tribunademinas.com.br

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