Conheça os 4 principais tipos de exercícios físicos e a importância deles para a saúde

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Quando se fala sobre praticar alguma atividade física, costuma-se pensar primeiro nos treinos de força (em geral, a musculação) ou nos aeróbicos (como corrida ou natação)

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A tendência é que a pessoa escolha fazer a modalidade que mais gosta ou aquela que parece mais eficaz para atingir algum objetivo

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Mas, na realidade, existem outros tipos de exercícios que são muito importantes: os de equilíbrio e de alongamento, por exemplo. Todos eles deveriam fazer parte da rotina visando uma longevidade saudável

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1 – Exercícios aeróbicos (ou de resistência): são aqueles que aceleram a respiração e aumentam a frequência cardíaca – entre eles, podemos citar andar de bicicleta, correr, nadar, dançar, etc

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São importantes para muitas funções do corpo, especialmente para aumentar a resistência do coração e dos pulmões, pois melhoram a capacidade de fornecimento de oxigênio para todos os tecidos e de o músculo utilizar melhor o oxigênio que chega.

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2 – Exercícios de força: apesar de o senso comum associar os exercícios de força somente à prática da musculação, isso não é uma verdade, pois tudo o que uma pessoa faz envolve força

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Quando a pessoa caminha ou corre, por exemplo, a pessoa está aplicando força contra o solo e até quando ergue uma sacola está aplicando força

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3 – Exercícios de alongamento, flexibilidade e mobilidade: são fundamentais para ajudar a manter e aumentar a flexibilidade e a mobilidade. A flexibilidade é a capacidade de usarmos a articulação na sua amplitude máxima

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As pessoas mais jovens não costumam valorizar esse tipo de atividade, mas o fato é que o envelhecimento também leva à diminuição da flexibilidade dos músculos e tendões (além da perda de massa muscular)

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4 – Exercícios de equilíbrio: o equilíbrio é a capacidade da pessoa sustentar o centro de massa e, para isso, é preciso ter força muscular para ajustar a postura rapidamente com as diferentes mudanças que podem acontecer no ambiente

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Ter equilíbrio ajuda a pessoa a se sentir mais estável e previne a ocorrência de quedas, especialmente entre os mais velhos. Pisar num buraco, por exemplo, é uma mudança complexa que acontece no ambiente e o equilíbrio atua nessa capacidade de reagir

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