7 curiosidades surpreendentes sobre as aranhas

7 curiosidades surpreendentes sobre as aranha

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As aranhas são aracnídeos, um grupo de animais que inclui também escorpiões, ácaros e carrapatos. Atualmente, são conhecidas cerca de 50 mil espécies ao redor do mundo

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Essas criaturas são fundamentais para o equilíbrio dos ecossistemas, controlando a população de insetos e desempenhando um papel essencial na cadeia alimentar

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1. Teias extremamente forte Pode parecer frágil, mas a seda de aranha é surpreendentemente forte – sendo um dos materiais mais resistentes conhecidos pela ciência. Comparando fios de mesma espessura, a teia é até cinco vezes mais resistente do que o aço. Inclusive, são comuns estudos tentando reproduzir as características da fibra natural dos aracnídeo

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2. Aranhas têm sangue azul Ao contrário dos mamíferos, que possuem sangue vermelho devido à presença de ferro, o sangue das aranhas é azul. Isso se deve à hemocianina, uma proteína que transporta oxigênio e contém cobre, o que dá essa cor característica

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3. Reciclam suas teias Quando uma teia se desgasta ou é danificada, muitas aranhas consomem a seda usada para reciclar as proteínas e economizar energia. Isso é fundamental, pois a produção dessa proteína é um processo metabolicamente caro para esses animais

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4. Ótima visão Embora muitas espécies de aranhas tenham uma visão limitada, algumas, como as aranhas-saltadoras, conseguem enxergar muito bem. Inclusive, segundo estudo realizado pela Universidade da Cidade de Osaka, no Japão, e publicado na revista Science, elas têm um sistema baseado na luz verde para enxergar em profundidade e conseguir saltar sobre as presa

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5. Órgãos sensoriais As aranhas possuem órgãos sensoriais altamente desenvolvidos que lhes permitem perceber o ambiente ao seu redor com grande precisão. Entre esses órgãos, destacam-se as cerdas sensoriais, que são pequenos pelos distribuídos por todo o corpo

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6. A dança do acasalamento Algumas espécies de aranhas, como a aranha-pavão (Maratus volans), realizam complexas danças de acasalamento para atrair as fêmeas. Essas danças envolvem movimentos rítmicos e a exibição de cores vibrantes no abdômen. Caso o macho não seja bem-sucedido, a fêmea pode atacá-lo

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7. Canibalismo pós-acasalamento Em algumas espécies, como a viúva-negra, a fêmea muitas vezes devora o macho após o acasalamento. Esse comportamento, conhecido como canibalismo sexual, é uma estratégia evolutiva que pode fornecer nutrientes adicionais à fêmea para a produção de ovo

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