7 curiosidades impressionantes sobre os elefantes

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Os elefantes, com suas trombas longas e grandes presas, são os maiores animais terrestres existentes

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Conhecidos por terem um temperamento gentil, eles cativam corações e despertam a admiração de muitos, especialmente por sua inteligência, que tem sido objeto de estudo há séculos e ainda fornece ideias valiosas sobre o comportamento animal

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1. Existem três espécies Atualmente, existem três espécies de elefantes reconhecidas, são elas: o elefante-africano-da-savana (Loxodonta africana), o elefante-africano-da-floresta (Loxodonta cyclotis) e o elefante-asiático (Elephas maximus). Todas elas fazem parte da ordem Proboscidea (ordem de mamíferos placentários) e da família Elephantidae

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2. Suas presas são dentes As presas dos elefantes, também chamadas de “marfins”, são, na verdade, os seus dentes. Elas começam a crescer, geralmente, a partir dos 2 anos e continuam a aumentar ao longo da vida do animal. Compostas por dentina, osso, cemento e esmalte, tal como outros dentes, elas podem atingir até 350 cm de comprimento e são constantemente alvo de caçadores

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3. Tem pele grossa Que os elefantes têm a pele naturalmente grossa e com rachaduras é de conhecimento popular. As rachaduras são resultado do estresse sofrido pela pele durante os movimentos do animal e semelhante à ictiose que atinge os humanos. Enquanto nos humanos esse aspecto é preocupante, nos elefantes é uma vantagem evolutiva

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4. Suas trombas são musculosas A tromba dos elefantes é uma fusão entre o nariz e o lábio superior. Ela serve para uma variedade de funções, como respirar, cheirar, tocar objetos, pegar alimentos, beber água e até se comunicar. Tudo isso só é possível graças a cerca de 40 mil músculos que compõem essa estrutura, proporcionando uma força extraordinária e grande precisão

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5. Encontram água a quilômetro Graças ao seu olfato extremamente aguçado, com cerca de cinco vezes mais genes relacionados ao olfato do que os humanos, conforme publicado pela National Geographic, os elefantes podem detectar água a quilômetros de distância

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6. Possuem o maior cérebro entre os terrestre O cérebro de um elefante adulto pode pesar entre 4 e 5 kg, o que contribui para sua elevada capacidade cognitiva e emocional. Eles são capazes de reconhecer amigos, resolver problemas, usar ferramentas e até demonstrar empatia, especialmente com outros elefante

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7. A sua gestação é uma das mais longas já conhecida As fêmeas têm o período gestacional mais longo entre os mamíferos, durando cerca de 22 meses. Isso permite o desenvolvimento adequado do filhote, que nasce pesando entre 90 e 120 kg e já relativamente bem desenvolvido

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