10 curiosidades interessantes sobre as cobras

10 curiosidades interessantes sobre as cobra

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As cobras são répteis fascinantes, caracterizadas por corpos alongados e ausência de membros visíveis. Esses seres vivos despertam grande interesse devido à sua incrível diversidade

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Desde habilidades de locomoção diversificadas até a capacidade de detectar calor para caçar presas, elas demonstram uma complexidade biológica e ecológica que as torna objetos de estudo e admiração

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1. Diversidade de espécie Há cerca de 3 mil espécies de cobras no mundo, variando desde pequenas terrestres até grandes aquáticas. Somente no Brasil, segundo o Atlas das Serpentes Brasileiras, há 412 espécies. Essa diversidade permite que elas se adaptem a uma grande variedade de habitat

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2. Ausência de pálpebra Ao contrário dos humanos, as cobras não possuem pálpebras móveis. Dessa maneira, elas não podem piscar. Em vez disso, seus olhos são cobertos por uma escama transparente que os protege, sendo trocada durante a muda de pele

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3. Muda de pele A possibilidade de a cobra conseguir trocar de pele é uma característica que costuma chamar a atenção de adultos e crianças. Esse processo, conhecido como ecdise ou muda, pode acontecer várias vezes ao ano, sendo essencial para o crescimento do animal e para ele conseguir se livrar de parasita

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4. Sentido de calor As cobras da família Viperidae, como jararacas, surucucus e cascavéis, têm buraquinhos entre os olhos e as narinas que funcionam como um termômetro para detectar o calor emitido por suas presas de sangue quente, algo especialmente útil durante a caça noturna ou em ambientes escuros, em que a visão é limitada

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5. Ausência de ouvidos externo Diferentemente dos humanos, as cobras não têm ouvidos externos. No entanto, isso não significa que são surdas. Isso porque elas podem sentir vibrações por meio do solo e dos seus corpos

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6. Formas de locomoção Estes seres rastejantes utilizam diferentes métodos de locomoção que podem variar conforme o ambiente e suas necessidades. Na ondulação lateral, eles criam ondas laterais ao longo do corpo para se impulsionar para a frente. No movimento retilíneo, utilizado por espécies maiores, as cobras contraem e expandem seus músculos ventrais para avançar em linha reta. O movimento serpentina, por sua vez, é utilizado em espaços apertados, em que o animal forma laços com seu corpo para puxar a parte traseira para frente

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7. Veneno e dente Algumas espécies de cobras possuem veneno que é utilizado para imobilizar e digerir suas presas. Ele é injetado por meio de dentes especializados chamados de presas. Cascavel e cobra-coral são exemplos de cobras venenosa

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8. Reprodução A reprodução das cobras pode ser ovípara (põem ovos), ovovivípara (os ovos eclodem dentro do corpo da mãe) ou vivípara (nascem filhotes vivos). A diversidade nos métodos de reprodução é responsável por garantir a sobrevivência desses animais em diferentes ambiente

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9. Comida Cobras são carnívoras e se alimentam de uma variedade de presas, incluindo roedores, aves, anfíbios, peixes e outros répteis. Elas possuem mandíbulas altamente flexíveis que permitem engolir animais maiores do que a largura de suas próprias cabeça

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10. Cobras brasileira No Brasil, há cinco espécies de jararacas exclusivas de ilhas. São elas: jararaca-ilhoa (Bothrops insularis), da Ilha da Queimada Grande (SP); a jararaca-de-alcatrazes (Bothrops alcatraz), da Ilha dos Alcatrazes (SP); a jararaca-de-vitória (Bothrops otavioi), da Ilha Vitória (SP); a jararaca-dos-franceses (Bothrops sazimai), da Ilha dos Franceses (ES); e a jararaca-da-moela (Bothrops germanoi), da Ilha da Moela (SP)

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